Toronto drug rehab centers

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Toronto information

Toronto is Canada's largest city. Toronto has a population of over 2.5 million, and the greater Toronto area is close to six million people.

Approximately one-third of the Canada’s population lives within a five-hour drive of Toronto, and about one-sixth of all Canadian jobs lie within the city limits.

Toronto, like Montreal, has a huge diversity of street drug abuse. Cocaine and Crack/Cocaine are two of the most popular. Without neglecting the opiate base Drugs, like Heroin, and also the party drugs such as, Ecstasy and Methamphetamine.

The streets of Toronto's downtown east side have become a drug infested place over the past few years. Police statistics point to an increase in the drug trade and criminal activity. For young people growing up there, it is something they must deal with on a daily basis.

Given the realities of living in east downtown - and the kinds of influences to which young people are exposed - it's little wonder that some of the them end up on a less-than-righteous road. So say Alan Richardson and Sandra Crockard, a pair of community workers with a background in theatre; are trying to help area youth improve their lives through a new arts-based initiative.

Drug Scene 1990-2000

Given the ten year anniversary of the Research Group on Drug Use (RGDU), it is interesting to take a retrospective look at the major developments in the Toronto drug scene. In our view there have been four major developments.

Situation of diiferent drugs in Toronto

Heroin Deaths

The first is Heroin deaths. In 1990, when the RGDU began monitoring deaths related to Heroin, there were 40 deaths reported. This number increased to a decade high of 67 in 1994. Since then, this number has declined to 36 in 1998. A significant increase in Methadone treatment availability and continuing needle exchange services are credited for preventing an epidemic of Heroin-related fatalities in Toronto, such as the magnitude experienced in Vancouver.

Crack Cocaine

Crack Cocaine began replacing Cocaine powder within the Toronto drug scene in the early 1990s. Crack continues to be a dominant enforcement indicator, and treatment for Cocaine (primarily Crack) is second only to Alcohol. Moreover, treatment for Cocaine is higher in Toronto than in the rest of the province. While Crack smoking continues, the rising popularity of Crack injection has been observed in the second half of the 1990’s.

Upswing in Adolescent Drug Use

Like other areas of the province, country and continent, the use of drugs among Toronto adolescents has increased during the 1990s. This increase is especially evident for drugs such as cannabis, MDMA, Methamphetamine and hallucinogens.

Raves

By far the most current development has been the expansion of the rave scene in Toronto. Recent drug-related deaths have been associated with rave attendance and thus have generated both public debate and myths. One myth is that all youth who attend raves are heavy drug users. Research based on the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey shows that this is not the case. Another myth is that all raves are safe. As evident from recent events, not all raves provide a safe environment, one that reduces the possibility of harm.

In General in 2000

One hundred-fifty-five individuals died from drug-related causes in Toronto in 1998. This is slightly above the average of 144 drug-related deaths annually for the period monitored (1986-1998).

Eighty-six of these deaths were classified as accidental and 57 as suicides; in the remaining 12 cases, a distinction between accident and suicide could not be made.

Surveys of the general adult population continue to show low levels of illicit drug use. Less than one percent of adults responding to the 1998 CAMH survey had used Crack Cocaine or Heroin in the past year; exactly one percent had used Cocaine powder (See discussions of individual Drugs in the Findings Section

Cannabis situation in Toronto

Cannabis continued to be the illicit drug of choice among adult respondents, with 13% reporting use in the 1998 survey, and 10% in 1999.

Several indicators of substance abuse among youth presented in this report are elevated. The 26% of junior high and high school students reporting cannabis use in the 1999 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey is the highest rate since the survey began in 1974 (See discussion of Cannabis use, page 10). The rates of reported use of several other drugs also increased between the 1997 and 1999 surveys, including MDMA or Ecstasy (from 2.9% to 7.3%), Cocaine (from 2.7% to 6.4%), Methamphetamine (from 2.1% to 7.2%), tranquillizers –non-medical use (from 0.6% to 4.0%), stimulants (from 3.3% to 7.9%), and barbiturates (from 1.0% to 4.3%). While these latter increases are statistically non-significant, the overall pattern is striking.

The numbers of requests for the treatment of substance abuse for youth in Toronto reached a five year high between 1998 and 1999. While the total number of requests to the Drug and Alcohol Registry of treatment for Toronto residents increased by less than one percent (an additional 14 calls), those for individuals under 25 years of age increased by 30% (from 378 to 491 calls, See Table 10, page 44).

Treatment counselors report an increasing trend among youthful clients to harder Drugs such as Cocaine and Heroin.

The severity of Addiction and mental health issues among youth are of particular concern to treatment professionals. In addition, legal difficulties are more frequently found among youth in treatment than in each of the older age groups.

As reported last year, Crack Cocaine remains the dominant Drug on the streets.

According to population surveys, past year cannabis use among Toronto adults remained relatively stable in 1999, at about 10%. Among Toronto students, past year use of cannabis increased from 9% in 1993 to 18% in 1995, leveling off to 19% in 1997. The 1999 survey found past-year cannabis use among 26% of junior high and high school students in Toronto, the highest rate reported since the survey started in 1974.

In 1999, the number of Marijuana seizures continued on an upward trend, representing almost half (48%) of Drug seizures. However, since 1996, the quantities seized have shown a downward trend. Still, the numbers of Marijuana seizures and the amounts seized during the late 1990s are substantially higher than those in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

In 1998, almost one-in-five (18%) of drug treatment clients cited cannabis as a problematic substance.

Cocaine

Surveys continue to indicate low levels of past-year Cocaine use in the general population. Reported rates in 1998 remained stable among Toronto adults, at about 1%. In 1999, 6% of Toronto students reported using Cocaine. Use of Crack Cocaine is reported by less than 1% of adults and about 2% of students.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the number of Cocaine (powder) seizures has shown a downward trend. About 11 kilograms of Cocaine were seized in Toronto in 1999. Similarly, Crack seizures appear to be on a downward trend since peaking in 1992, but remain higher than when data were first collected in 1989. In 1999, the number of Cocaine seizures represented 5% of all Drug seizures, whereas Crack continued to account for a significant proportion of Drug enforcement activity (30% in 1999) – currently second only to Marijuana as the primary Drug among all Drug seizures in Toronto.

Cocaine still remains the most common illicit Drug for which treatment clients seek help — among both Toronto residents and those in the rest of Ontario. In 1998, over one-third (35%) of clients sought help for Cocaine use.

Barbiturates, Sedative-Hypnotics, and Tranquilizers

Population surveys indicate low, stable rates of sedative (barbiturate) use for non-medical purposes. Among Toronto students in 1999, 4% reported using sedatives, and 4% used tranquillizers (non-medically) during the past year. However, evidence of increasing use of these Drugs on U.S. campuses calls attention to the need to monitor this use locally.

Drug rehab centres in Toronto Hallucinogen

Survey data indicate that past-year use of LSD among Toronto students increased slightly in 1999, compared to 1997 (6% vs. 3%, respectively). The percentage of students reporting use of other hallucinogens (e.g., mescalin) was found to be at an all-time high in 1999, at about 13%.

Seizures of LSD remain on a downward trend in the 1999 data. There were 14 LSD seizures in 1999 and 13 in 1998 – the lowest numbers since before 1987 (188 seizures). However, the number of micrograms per hit confiscated in 1999 increased substantially compared to 1998 (4296 vs. 97, respectively).

Hallucinogens are rarely cited as a major problem by drug treatment clients. Less than 1% of those seeking treatment in 1998 cited major problems with drugs in this category.

Stimulants

Among Toronto students, past year, non-medical use of stimulants, such as diet pills, was reported by about 8% in 1999. This represents a slight increase since 1997 (3%), yet it is not as high as the level found in 1983 (14%).

Use of Methamphetamine ("Speed") also showed a slight increase in 1999 compared to 1997 (7% vs 2%, respectively). The 1999 estimate is the highest found during the study period.

Seizure data on Methamphetamine date back only to 1995. Between 1995 and 1998, the confiscations and quantities seized have been relatively low. However, in 1999 there were 30 seizures (0.04 kg), up from 13 in 1998.

No stimulant-related deaths occurred in 1998 in Toronto, In fact, only six deaths involving these Drugs have been recorded locally since 1986. While relatively less lethal than other substances, the highly addictive nature of these Drugs is a serious concern.

Ecstasy

Among Toronto students surveyed in 1999, past-year use of MDMA ("Ecstasy") was at 7%, the highest observed in a gradual upward trend since 1991 (See Table 1, page 30).

Recent available statistics on MDMA enforcement activity indicate an increasing trend: there were 6 seizures in 1997 (1.2 kg seized); 11 in 1998 (2 kg seized); and 99 in 1999 (11 kg seized). MDMA accounted for about 2% of the total number of Drug seizures in 1999.

In 1999, there were 9 MDMA-related deaths in Ontario. While complete data is not yet available, it is known that four of these occurred in the greater Toronto area.

GHB

Currently, no data are available on GHB use among the Toronto general population, nor are there enforcement data on GHB police activity. While GHB is generally recognized as a more lethal Drug than Ecstasy, reliable testing for the presence of this Drug at autopsy has only recently been introduced in Ontario.

Last Updated on Friday, 18 June 2010 17:13